Biomaterials refers to synthetically irrelevant products that are produced by microorganisms (or a portion of them) in a variety of ecological parameters. Bioplastics are a noteworthy category of biomaterials. Biodegradable polymers are essentially polyesters that have characteristics with petrochemical plastics and are present intracellularly in microbes as storage granules. Bioplastics come from a variety of sources, including proteins, polysaccharides, microbes (polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs), plants (plastics based on cellulose and starch), and plants. Microbial plastics (PHAs) are particularly interesting among them since they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic. Many prokaryotic bacteria, parasitic species, and algae are capable of producing these polyesters. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. oleovorans, P. stutzeri, and Bacillus megaterium are a few examples of bacteria that produce PHA. From a biotechnological standpoint, bioplastics are extremely exciting because most of them are biodegradable and biocompatible. This chapter provides an overview of the present state of the use of bioplastics in India, their many sources, recycling, environmental effects, and the merits and cons of doing so are all covered.