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VOL. 7, ISSUE 4 (2025)
Celiac Disease beyond gluten: Gut integrity, and the relationship between Microbiota and SCFA
Authors
Aindree, Rajnish Prakash Singh
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a serious autoimmune
condition where the body reacts badly to gluten, a protein found in wheat,
barley, and rye. This reaction damages the small intestine, making it hard to
absorb nutrients. The main reason some people get CD is because of certain
genes especially HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. These genes increase the likelihood of
the immune system attacking gluten. When gluten isn't broken down properly in
the gut, small pieces of it pass through the gut lining. An enzyme called
tissue transglutaminase (tTG) changes these pieces so they stick better to
immune cells, which then trigger inflammation and produce harmful antibodies.
Gluten itself is made up of different proteins like gliadins and glutenins.
Some of these are known to cause strong immune responses in people with CD. The
only current treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet, which can be
hard to follow and doesn’t always fully heal the gut. Researchers are now
working on new ways to treat the CD. These include special enzymes that can
break down gluten, medicines that block harmful steps in the immune process,
and even genetically modified wheat with fewer toxic proteins. Another
promising approach is restoring healthy gut bacteria, since people with CD
often have an imbalance in their gut microbiota. This imbalance can lead to
lower levels of helpful short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, which
protect the gut. Improving gut health may help reduce inflammation and improve
life for people with CD.
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Pages:52-61
How to cite this article:
Aindree, Rajnish Prakash Singh "Celiac Disease beyond gluten: Gut integrity, and the relationship between Microbiota and SCFA". International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vol 7, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 52-61
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