Conyza bonariensis is the most problematic, noxious, invasive and widespread weeds in modern-day agriculture. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, flaxleaf fleabane, originating from South America, is a major emerging weed threat for dry-land cropping systems in Australia. This species shares a unique set of biological features, which enables them to invade and adapt a wide range of environmental conditions. Distinct reproductive biology and an efficient seed dispersal mechanism help this species to spread rapidly. Ability to interfere strongly and to host crop pests makes it a worst weeds of cropping systems. Cultural practices such as crop rotations, seed rate manipulation, mulching, inter-row tillage and narrow row spacing may provide an effective control of the species. weed management techniques have been discussed in this paper, such options need to be tested and applicated in the field. Ecological influences on all key life stages of C. bonariensis were investigated. There is a need to expand the ecological knowledge of C. bonariensis in order to better understand its success in minimum tillage systems and to provide principles for the improved management of this weed. The adaptations of weeds to herbicides and herbivores is related to ecological, metabolic, enzymatic, physiological, anatomical and morphological changes.