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VOL. 6, ISSUE 3 (2024)
Microorganisms in association with biofilm formation and anti biofilm capacity of fermented corn water
Authors
Njoku Lawrence Nwali, Tasie Florreta Omebere
Abstract
Fermented corn water aliquot was evaluated for its antimicrobial
activities on biofilm organisms within Enugu Metropolis in Nigeria. Congo red
agar (CRA) method was used to determine the qualitative assay and detect
biofilm producing microorganisms. The identified isolates were sub-cultured on
sterile nutrient agar and blood agar plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37℃.
Both quantitative, qualitative phytochemicals and proximate analysis were
carried out on the raw corn grains and fermented corn water respectively. The
phytochemicals quantitative analysis showed that the presence of alkaloid
(white corn 2.67mg/100g, yellow corn 2.06mg/100g), glycoside (white corn
2.11mg/100g, yellow corn 2.78mg/100g), Phenol (white corn 0.07mg/100g, yellow
corn 0.05mg/100g), tannin (white corn 0.2mg/100g, yellow corn 1.4mg/100g),
flavonoid (white corn 0.03mg/100g, yellow corn 0.56mg/100g), steroid (white
corn 2.98mg/100g, yellow corn 2.55mg/100g) and saponin (white corn 3.23mg/100g,
yellow corn 1.07mg/100g). The quantitative proximate analysis showed
0.98mg/100g of ash, 8.90mg/100g of moisture, 14.12mg/100g of fat, 1.15mg/100g
of fiber, 10.98mg/100g of protein, 63.87mg/100g of carbohydrate. The biofilm
organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus species, Escherichia
coli, Bacillus species, Candida species and Cryptococcus
neoformans. The organisms isolated from fermented corn water were klebsiella
species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus species Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus muco and Candida
species. The biofilm isolates were tested for sensitivity to
different 2mls aliquots of fermented corn water from different days of corn
fermentation ranging from 3rd day to 7th day using agar
well diffusion technique. The outcome showed that the longer the fermentation
days the stronger the inhibitory activity on biofilm organisms. A comparative
minimum inhibitory concentration between fermented corn water and antibiotic
Levofloxacin 500g diluted in 100ml of sterile water was used as control. The
fermented corn water showed 20mm zone of inhibition while levofloxacin
indicated 35mm zone of inhibition. The results indicated that tannin showed
inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 4mm to
20mm, Proteus 6mm to 28mm, Escherichia coli 6mm to 21 mm
respectively but no activity against Bacillus specie even when it was
reconstituted at the concentration of 0.78%, 1.56%, 3.13% 6.25%, 12.25%, 25%,
50% and 100%. The molecular analysis showed that fungi isolated from white corn
has 97.62% pairwise similarity with Penicillium citrinum isolate
ObaCOsho_13 which has NCBI accession number MN861067.1 while that of yellow
corn has 99.4% pairwise similarity with Aspergillus aculeatus strain
WZ-112 which has NCBI accession number MN856264.1 and bacteria has 90.77%
pairwise similarity with Bacillus subtilis strain W13 which has NCBI
accession number M98677.1. However, the bacteria isolated from algae biofilms
has 97.03% pairwise similarity with Escherichia coli strain E2 which has
NCBI accession number KY780337.1 and 96.72% pairwise similarity with Enterobacter
cloacae strain EC1 which has NCBI accession number KJ210326.1. From the
outcomes of this study fermented corn water has inhibitory effect on some
biofilm organisms and could offer a brighter opportunity as alternative
antimicrobial agents in the wake of ever evolving and rapid microbial
resistance to synthetic therapeutic antimicrobial agents.
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Pages:25-32
How to cite this article:
Njoku Lawrence Nwali, Tasie Florreta Omebere "Microorganisms in association with biofilm formation and anti biofilm capacity of fermented corn water". International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vol 6, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 25-32
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