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VOL. 6, ISSUE 2 (2024)
Sociodemographic determinates and risk factors related to the prevalence of gallstone disease associated with chronic salmonella carriers in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors
Amer Hameed Mustafa, Alaa Zanzal Raad
Abstract
Gallstones are a worldwide medical problem that requires surgical
intervention and hospital stays. There
are several predisposing factors for gallstones, including sedentary lifestyle,
gender, pregnancy, food, gastric surgery, genetics, and chronic illness. Gallstones
are caused by bacteria that are able to proliferate in inflamed gallbladders. Salmonella
typhi induced typhoid fever is still a major health risk in low- and
middle-income countries. The main organ where Salmonella typhi (S.
typhi) infections persist is the gallbladder. The link between chronic
illnesses, sociodemographic traits, and gallbladder disorders is the main focus
of contemporary research. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the surgery
department of Erbil and Rizgari Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City, Iraq, from
October 2023 to March 2024, involving 125 patients aged 15 to 80 years old of
both sexes diagnosed with gallbladder disease who underwent cholecystectomy. A
questionnaire form was used to gather information from each participant,
including their age, sex, place of residence, education level, and medical
history. All gallbladder specimens (gallstone, bile, and gallbladder tissue
samples) were collected and analyzed for bacterial growth. Out of 125 samples,
only 8 (6.4%) of cases were positive for S. typhi, about 93 (74.4%)
cases were positive for other types of bacteria, and 24 (19.2%) samples had no
growth of bacteria. Gallstones had the highest proportion of S. typhi
isolation 5 (4%). The most infected age group at 36–45 years were 41 (32.8%)
cases, mostly female, 97 (77.6%), and 88 (70.4%) from urban areas. Out of the
individuals who tested positive for Salmonella typhi, 3 (2.4%) resided
in urban areas, while 5 (4%) were from rural areas. Hereditary factors were the
most common comorbidities among the patients, with 58 cases, followed by
typhoid fever with 36 cases. The study revealed that about 43 (34.4%) of cases
were illiterate, and 39 (31.2%) had a primary level of education. We concluded
that there is a need for further research to substantiate the connections we
identified between certain sociodemographic and risk variables and gallbladder
illness.
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Pages:25-29
How to cite this article:
Amer Hameed Mustafa, Alaa Zanzal Raad "Sociodemographic determinates and risk factors related to the prevalence of gallstone disease associated with chronic salmonella carriers in Erbil City, Iraq". International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Vol 6, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 25-29
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