Q fever is a zooanthroponosis found almost worldwide, with the exception of New Zealand and Antarctica. It is a cosmopolitan disease caused by Coxiella burnetii whose main modes of contamination in humans are the digestive and airways. His clinic includes an incubation period of about 20 days. The onset is marked by a flu-like syndrome with fever, chills, sweats, asthenia, anorexia, headache, myalgia which lasts 1 to 3 weeks. Its prevalence varies greatly from one country to another, due to epidemiological disparities, the frequency of breeding and the knowledge of the disease by doctors. This study contributes to improving the biological diagnosis of Q fever in the health structures of certain prefectures of Guinea (Kindia, Kissidougou, Guéckédou and N'Zérekoré) during the period from October 2017 to October 2020. C. burnetii DNA was detected in febrile patients seen in hospitals in the investigation areas. ELISA and real-time PCR methods were used for data analysis. This disease occupies a share of the febrile diseases that prevail in Guinea through the areas of the present study.